The First Curtin Ministry was the thirtieth Australian Commonwealth ministry, and held office from 7 October 1941 to 21 September 1943.

Australian Labor Party

• Rt Hon John Curtin, MP: Prime Minister. Minister for Defence Co-ordination (to 14 April 1942), Minister for Defence (from 14 April 1942)
• Rt Hon Frank Forde, MP: Minister for the Army
• Rt Hon Ben Chifley, MP: Treasurer. Minister for Postwar Reconstruction (from 22 December 1942)
• Rt Hon Dr H. V. Evatt, KC MP: Attorney-General, Minister for External Affairs
• Hon Jack Beasley, MP: Minister for Supply and Development (to 17 October 1942), Minister for Supply and Shipping (from 17 October 1942)
• Senator Hon Joe Collings: Minister for the Interior
• Hon Norman Makin, MP: Minister for the Navy, Minister for Munitions
• Hon Jack Holloway, MP: Minister for Health, Minister for Social Services
• Senator Hon Richard Keane: Minister for Trade and Customs, Vice-President of the Executive Council
• Hon Arthur Drakeford, MP: Minister for Air, Minister for Civil Aviation
• Hon William Scully, MP: Minister for Commerce (to 22 December 1942), Minister for Commerce and Agriculture (from 22 December 1942)
• Senator Hon Bill Ashley: Postmaster-General, Minister for Information
• Hon Eddie Ward, MP: Minister for Labour and National Service
• Hon George Lawson, MP: Minister for Transport
• Hon Charles Frost, MP: Minister for Repatriation, Minister in charge of War Service Homes
• Hon John Dedman, MP: Minister for War Organisation of Industry, Minister in charge of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
• Hon Bert Lazzarini, MP: Minister for Home Security
• Senator Hon James Fraser: Minister for External Territories
• Senator Hon Don Cameron: Minister for Aircraft Production