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The
name Perm is
of Finno-Ugric etymology,
likely of Uralic origin (Komi-Permyak:
Перем, Perem; Komi: Перым, Perym).
Komi is a member of the Permic group
of Finno-Ugric languages, which is also
named for Perm. In Finnish and Vepsian perämaa means
"far-away land"; similarly, in Hungarian perem means
"edge" or "verge". The geologic
period of the Permian takes
its name from the toponym. Perm is located in the old Perman area, which was originally inhabited by Finno-Ugric peoples. Perm was first mentioned as the village of Yagoshikha(Ягошиха) in 1647; however, the history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter the Great. Vasily Tatishchev, appointed by the Tsar as a chief manager of Ural factories, founded Perm together with another major center of the Ural region, Yekaterinburg. In the 19th century, Perm became a major trade and industrial center with a population of more than 20,000 people in the 1860s, with several metallurgy, paper, and steamboat producing factories, including one owned by a British entrepreneur. |
| The name Permyaks firstly
appeared in the 10th century in Russian
sources and came from the ancient name of
the land between the Mezen River and Pechora River – Perm or
"Great
Perm" (Russian: Пермь
Великая)
Several origins of the name have
been proposed but the most
accepted is from Veps Peräma "back,
outer or far-away land" from Veps perä "back,
extreme" and ma "land".
In Old
Norse and
Old English it
was known as Bjarmaland and Beormas respectively but
those Germanic names might designate some
other place than the Russian Perm. Since the 20th century the name has been applied only to the southern Komi (Komi-Permyaks) in Perm Krai. In Russian permyak also means "an inhabitant of Perm or Perm Krai" independently from ethnicity. |
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The Kama (Russian: река́ Ка́ма, IPA: [rʲɪˈka ˈkamə]; Tatar: Чулман; Udmurt: Кам) is a major river in Russia, the longest left tributary of the Volga and the largest one in discharge; it is larger than the Volga before their junction. It starts in the Udmurt Republic, near Kuliga, flowing northwest for 200 kilometres (120 mi), turning northeast near Loynofor another 200 kilometres (120 mi), then turning south and west in Perm Krai, flowing again through the Udmurt Republic and then through the Republic of Tatarstan, where it meets the Volga. The Kama is 1,805 kilometres (1,122 mi) long |